2.1.1+Systems+Basics+KETNER

=2.1.1 Systems fundamentals=
 * < =Social and ethical issues=

Students must study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of IT systems. These may include: • the economic value of information • environmental issues related to the production of computer components and supplies • environmental issues related to the disposal of obsolete hardware and computer supplies • health issues and ergonomics related to the use of hardware • password protection, security, biometrics and authorized access • issues related to viruses on both stand-alone and network systems • greater dependence of organizations on IT • increase in teleworking and the virtual office • the need for ongoing training and retraining • the economic and psychological implications of planned IT obsolescence in hardware, software and services, which has been forced on consumers by the IT industry • organizational policies and standards, for example, e-mail, surveillance and monitoring policies. || =Knowledge of technology= In order to study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of IT systems, the student must have an understanding of related technological oncepts. These may include: • key terms —data, information, hardware components, for example, input devices, output devices, processing, storage, memory (RAM, ROM), MHz, dpi, bit, KB, MB, GB, TB, ASCII, compatibility, OCR, OMR, bar code, baud, verification and validation, encryption/decryption, firewall, virus, Trojan horse, worm, logic bomb, platform, peripheral • use, advantages and disadvantages of analogue and digital data • operating systems (multitasking, boot) and utilities, for example, defragment, disk format, virus scan programs • responsible computer use (for example, regular back-ups, virus checking, security, storage, housekeeping) • a responsible and systematic approach to implementing or upgrading IT systems, for example, analysis, design, implementation, testing, evaluation, training, policies and standards. ||
 * || * Key terms:
 * Data -- any information that can be used
 * Information --
 * Hardware components
 * Input devices -- Anything that allows a user to communicate with the computer. These can include the following:
 * Mouse -- A device that allows for the positioning of a cursor
 * Keyboard -- a device that allows for the input of text data, using keys that are in either an I/O position
 * Output devices
 * Monitor -- displays what the computer is doing in a way that a user can understand
 * Printer -- outputs what the computer says to paper, allowing for a hard copy of whatever is needed
 * Processing -- the ability of a computer to take input data and convert it into output, using switches
 * Storage -- the ability of a computer to remember what it does for later recall
 * Memory -- Where a computer puts stored data
 * RAM (__R__andom __A__ccess __M__emory) -- memory that requires power to be stored. This is usually faster than ROM, which doesn't.
 * ROM (__R__ead __O__nly __M__emory) -- memory that can not be changed. This is generally flash memory that is put in a BIOS chip or an optical disk
 * MHz -- a measurment for how fast a processor can change bits from 1 to 0. 1 MHz is one million bits per second
 * DPI -- a measurment for how high quality an image is based on the number of pixels there are in every inch.
 * Bit -- a 0 or 1 that a computer uses to store data
 * Byte -- 8 bits. This is the primary unit of measure for data storage
 * KB (kilobyte) -- 1024 bytes
 * MB (megabyte) -- 1024 KB
 * GB (gigabyte) -- 1024 MB
 * TB (terabyte) -- 1024 GB
 * PB (petabyte) -- 1024 TB
 * ASCII -- a standard that provides for characters used for input and output from a user
 * Compatability -- The ability of something to comply with the standards to something else
 * OCR
 * OMR
 * Bar Code --
 * Baud
 * Verification/Valitation
 * Encryption/Decryption
 * Firewall
 * Trojan Horse
 * Worm
 * Logic Bomb
 * Platform
 * Peripheral ||

Key Terms--

Key Concepts--